A comparative study on the symbolism of the nightingale in Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet and Keats’ “Ode to a nightingale”
Main Article Content
Abstract
This article conducts a comparative analysis of the nightingale’s symbolism in Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet and Keats’ “Ode to a Nightingale.” Despite differences in genre and historical contexts, both works depict the nightingale as a powerful symbol, exploring its connections to themes such as time, the urgency of love, escapism, and the tension between human suffering and transcendence. Employing the symbolic frameworks of Chevalier and Cirlot, alongside insights from Comparative Literature and Animal Studies, the paper illustrates how the nightingale bridges cultural and literary divides, reaffirming its timeless significance in literature.
Downloads
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
Adamson, Sylvia, Lynette Hunter and Lynne Magnusson. (2000). Reading Shakespeare’s Dramatic Language: A Guide. The Arden Shakespeare.
Bach, Rebecca Ann. (2018). Birds and other creatures in Renaissance Literature: Shakespeare, Descartes and Animal Studies. Routledge.
Baldwin, Paula. (December 17th, 2021). “Imaginación literaria sobre las aves: entrevista a Paula Baldwin, por María José Barros”. Letras en Línea, https://letrasenlinea.uahurtado.cl/imaginacion-literaria-sobre-las-aves-entrevista-a-paula-baldwin/
Baldwin, Paula. (2021). Remontar el Vuelo: Aves en la poesía británica y latinoamericana de los siglos XIX y XX. RIL Editores.
Bingen, Hildegard von. (2010). Physica: Liber Subtilitatum Diversarum Naturarum Creaturarum, edited by Reiner Hildebrandt and Thomas Gloning. Walter de Gruyter.
Bloom, Harold. (1998). Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human. Riverhead Books.
Bloom, Harold. (2009). William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet (Bloom’s Modern Critical Interpretations). Blooms Literary Criticism.
Chevalier, Jean, Alain Gheerbrant and John Buchanan-Brown. (1996). A dictionary of symbols. Penguin Books.
Cirlot, Juan Eduardo. (2001). A Dictionary of Symbols. Routledge.
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor. (1972). Lay Sermons, edited by R. J. White. Princeton UP.
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor. (1997). The Complete Poems. Penguin Books.
Collins, Stephen. (2001). The influence of the Great Chain of Being on the rhetoric manuals of sixteenth century Tudor England. Dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Northwestern University, United States of America.
Dadwal, Shalu. (2023). “The role of symbolism in William Shakespeare’s plays”. International Journal of English Language and Literature Studies, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 57-72.
Draper, John W. (1948). “Patterns of Style in Romeo and Juliet”. Studia Neophilologica, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 195–210.
Evans, Gareth Lloyd. (1969). Shakespeare IV: Macbeth to Twelfth Night. Oliver and Boyd.
Ferber, Michael. (2007). A Dictionary of Literary Symbols. Cambridge UP.
Fielding, Helen. (2020). Wherein to Catch the Conscience of the Queen: Dystopian Politics in Elizabethan Drama. Senior Thesis, Honors Program, Liberty University, United States of America.
Frye, Northrop. (2005). Anatomy of Criticism. Princeton UP.
Garber, Marjorie. (2005). Shakespeare After All. Anchor.
Gnisci, Armando. (2002). Introducción a la Literatura Comparada. Crítica.
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von. (1969). Maxims and Reflections. Penguin Classics.
Halmi, Nicholas. (2007). The Geneaology of the Romantic Symbol. Oxford UP.
Hamilton, Paul. (2016). The Oxford Handbook of European Romanticism. Oxford UP.
Craig, Hardin. (1950). “Morality Plays and Elizabethan Drama”. Shakespeare Quarterly, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 64–72.
Keats, John. (1977). The Complete Poems. Penguin Classics.
Logan, Robert A. (2007). Shakespeare’s Marlowe: The Influence of Christopher Marlowe on Shakespeare’s Artistry. Ashgate.
Marlowe, Christopher. (2009). The Jew of Malta. Bloomsbury.
McGann, Jerome J. (1983). The Romantic Ideology: A Critical Investigation. The University of Chicago Press.
Milton, John. (2015). Milton’s Sonnets. Palala Press.
Nuttall, Anthony. (2007). A New Mimesis: Shakespeare and the Representation of Reality. Yale UP.
Ortiz Robles, Mario. (February 11th, 2015). “Comparative Literature and Animal Studies”. The 2024 Report on the State of the Discipline of Comparative Literature, ACLA, https://stateofthediscipline.acla.org/entry/comparative-literature-and-animal-studies
Ortiz Robles, Mario. (2016). Literature and Animal Studies. Routledge.
Shakespeare, William. (2003). Romeo and Juliet. Cambridge UP.
Shakespeare, William. (2009). Hamlet. Cambridge UP.
Sophocles. (2000). The three Theban Plays. Antigone, Oedipus The King, Oedipus at Colonus. Penguin Classics.
Spiegelman, Willard. (1983). “Keats’s ‘Coming Muskrose’ and Shakespeare’s ‘Profound Verdure’”. ELH John Hopkins University Press, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 347–362.
Stillinger, Jack. (2006). Romantic Complexity: Keats, Coleridge and Wordsworth. University of Illinois Press.
Tanselle, George Thomas. (1964). “Time in Romeo and Juliet”. Shakespeare Quarterly, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 349–361.
Vendler, Helen. (1985). The Odes of John Keats. Belknap Press.
White, Robert. (2000). Keats as a reader of Shakespeare. Continuum.
Whitman, Cedric. (1951). A Study of Heroic Humanism. Harvard UP.